While at first glance, cruel optimism seems kind and optimistic, it often has an ugly aftereffect. It ensures that when the small, cramped solution fails, as it will most of the time, the individual won't blame the system-she will blame herself. She will think she screwed up and she just wasn't good enough. Ronald told me, "it deflects attention away from the social causes of stress," like overwork, and it can quite quickly turn into a form of "victim-blaming." It whispers: the problem isn't in the system; the problem is in you.

— Stolen Focus by Johann Hari (Page 148)