I first heard about Paolo Bacigalupi when Pump Six was released on StarShipSofa. I was immediately taken by the attention to detail and superbly gritty realism of the story. The Windup Girl plays to these same strengths on a much larger scale.
Set in Thailand, in a world where the oil has finally run out, the story is thoughtful, thought-provoking and utterly gripping. Although the novel has a very strong cyberpunk feel (no bad thing, in my view) it is a very different story. The best description I can come up with is 'environmental dystopia', but this woefully undersells just how rich the narrative and the world is.
If you like SF that makes you think without feeling the need to preach at you, you really should read this.